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Situation Appraisal

an approach for identifying and assessing important issues or situations—and planning for... more

Problem Analysis

a step-by-step approach for determining why things have gone wrong—finding root cause... more

Decision Analysis

a step-by-step process for making the best possible decision—even when the choice between options is unclear... more

Potential Problem Analysis

a means for preparing to implement decisions, plans, or changes... more

Overview of Analytic Process

We teach four distinct analytic processes—each designed to reach high-quality conclusions in different types of situations. Each analytic process:

  • Consists of easy-to-follow steps
  • Makes thinking visible
  • Uses key questions
  • Is readily learned and applied to a range of situations
  • Is based on research of effective problem-solving approaches
  • Provides a roadmap for involving others in resolving difficult issues
Type of Situation Typical Pitfalls What’s Needed Analytic Process
Complex-
has multiple issues and interpretations		 Not seeing all pieces of situation
  • Understand all issues
  • Set priorities
  • Identify next steps
 Situation Appraisal
Problem-
where results are not meeting expectations		 Jumping to cause—"fixing blame"
  • Determine scope—use data
  • Test possible causes
  • Verify true cause
 Problem Analysis
Decision-
need to choose among several options		 Evaluating options before clarifying what’s needed
  • Set criteria—what we want and need
  • Identify options
  • Consider risks
 Decision Analysis
Implementation-
need to implement changes or initiatives		 "Hope for the best"; focus on contingencies—not prevention
  • Understand what could go wrong
  • Plan preventive and contingent actions
 Potential Problem Analysis